Loading equipment of ship equipment

Ship’s cargo handling gear is an integral part of ship’s equipment. Ships’ self-prepared devices and machinery for loading and unloading cargo mainly include boom devices, deck cranes and other loading and unloading machinery.

Boom device

It is composed of boom, lifting column (or lifting mast), rigging and winch (or crane), etc. The boom device is a traditional lifting equipment on ships. Although there are many ropes and troublesome operation, it is still widely used because of its simple structure, easy manufacture and low cost.

Single lever operation and double lever operation

There are two ways of loading and unloading goods with the boom device, single-lever operation and double-lever operation. Single-rod operation is to use a boom to load and unload cargo. After the boom lifts the cargo, pull the lanyard to swing the cargo along with the boom to the overboard or cargo hatch, then lower the cargo, and then turn the boom back to its original position. Bit, such a round-trip operation. When loading and unloading, the suspender must be swung with a lanyard every time, so the efficiency is low and the labor intensity is high. Two booms are used for double-rod operation, one is placed over the cargo hatch, the other extends out of the ship, and the two booms are fixed at a certain working position with a cable. The lifting ropes of the two booms are connected to the same hook. The cargo can be unloaded from the ship to the dock, or loaded from the dock to the ship as long as two cargo ropes are received and released separately. The loading and unloading efficiency of the double lever operation is higher than that of the single lever operation, and the labor intensity is also lighter.

Double jack rope boom device and Ebel boom device　

The improved boom device appeared later. The double jack-cable boom device is improved from a single-rod-operated boom device, in which there are only lifting cables and two sets of jack cables separated on the left and right sides. The boom is operated by one hoisting winch and two jack-up winches, which is easy to operate and has high loading and unloading efficiency. The Ebel boom device is an improvement from a double-rod-operated boom device. The device includes a hoisting winch, a jack rope and a lanyard winch. The boom can be placed in any position quickly with the help of a winch. At the same time, the cargo can be lifted and dropped at fixed points within the working radius of the boom to improve the efficiency of loading and unloading. This is an important step towards full automation of cargo handling.

Light boom device and heavy boom device

Boom devices can be divided into two types: light-duty and heavy-duty. Those with a lifting capacity of less than 10 tons are light boom devices, and those with a lifting weight of more than 10 tons are heavy boom devices. The lifting capacity of the boom is determined according to the purpose of the ship. Generally, the light boom of a dry cargo ship has a lifting capacity of 3 to 5 tons in single rod operation and 1.5 to 3 tons in double rod operation; a 10,000-ton dry cargo ship has a lifting weight of 10 tons in single rod operation and 5 tons in double rod operation. . Modern multi-purpose ships need to load and unload containers, and the lifting weight of the boom should be able to lift a 20-foot container (20 tons) at least. Heavy-duty booms are used to load and unload heavy and large cargo such as large machinery, rolling stock, etc. Generally, only 1 to 2 are installed on cargo ships, and the lifting weight is mostly 10 to 60 tons, and some are 60 to 150 tons, and a few are up to 300 tons. . Generally, each cargo hold of dry cargo ships has two light booms; each cargo hold of giant dry cargo ships is often equipped with four light booms.