Introduction to power equipment

Ships must be equipped with a complete set of power plants and auxiliary equipment that meet the requirements of the regulations before they can sail on the water. These power plants include the ship's main power plant, auxiliary power plant, steam boiler, refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, compressed air equipment, marine pumps and Piping systems, water generation devices, automation systems, etc. These electromechanical power equipment are mainly concentrated in the engine room, and the technical department that specializes in managing these equipment is the engineering department.

Main power unit

The main power unit of a ship is also called the "main engine". It is the heart of the ship and the most important part of the ship's power equipment. It mainly includes:

(1) Ship main engine A common name for the engine that can generate the propulsion power of the ship, including various pumps, heat exchangers, and pipe systems that serve the main engine. The main engine of the merchant ship is mainly marine diesel engines, followed by steam turbines.

(2) Shafting and propeller

Among ship propellers, propellers are the most widely used, and most of them use fixed pitch or adjustable pitch propellers; ship shafting is a device that transmits the power from the main engine to the propeller. The main engine of the ship drives the propeller to rotate through the transmission device and shafting. Thrust, overcome the resistance of the hull to make the ship move forward or backward.

(3) Transmission

The equipment that transmits the power of the main engine to the propeller, in addition to transmitting power, can also play a role in deceleration and damping. The boat can also use transmission equipment to change the direction of rotation of the propeller. The transmission equipment is slightly different due to the type of main engine. Generally speaking, it is composed of reducer, clutch, coupling, coupling, thrust bearing and ship shaft.

Auxiliary power unit

Ship auxiliary power unit, also known as "auxiliary engine", refers to the generator on board, which provides electrical energy for the ship in normal and emergency situations. The ship's power station is composed of electromechanical equipment such as engine group and switchboard.

(1) Generator set

The driving force is mainly provided by diesel engines. Based on the consideration of ship safety and reliability and easy maintenance and management, large ships are equipped with no less than two diesel generators of the same type. The ship can use the drive shaft of the main engine to drive the generator to generate electricity (shaft generator) or use the waste heat of the main exhaust gas to generate low-pressure steam to drive the steam turbine generator set to generate electricity, etc.

(2) Switchboard

It carries out electricity distribution, control, transmission, voltage transformation, and current conversion to ensure the needs of various electric driving equipment and the life, lighting, signal and communication of the whole ship.

steamer

Ships with diesel engines as the main engine need to be equipped with steam boilers, which are composed of auxiliary oil-fired boilers and exhaust gas boilers, as well as piping systems and equipment supporting them. Auxiliary oil-fired boilers are required to supply some auxiliary steam on board, such as Heating fuel and lubricating oil, heating, domestic water, kitchen, boiling water, etc., and meet the needs of steam for some auxiliary engines. In order to save energy, the exhaust gas boiler during sailing uses the waste heat from the diesel engine exhaust to generate steam, and only auxiliary equipment is used when parking. Oil boiler.

Refrigeration and air conditioning equipment

Ships are equipped with refrigeration devices to refrigerate transport goods, refrigerate a certain amount of food, and improve the living and working conditions of crews and passengers. The task of air conditioning devices is to maintain the climatic conditions suitable for people's work and life in the cabin, which includes cooling in summer , Dehumidification, heating, humidification in winter, and ventilation in all seasons. Its main equipment includes refrigeration compressors, evaporators, condensers, air conditioners and their automation control components.

Compressed air device

Generally, the ship is equipped with multiple air compressors and multiple compressed air bottles to supply the compressed air required by the entire ship, such as using compressed air to start the main and auxiliary diesel engines; the main engine is reversed; it is air horn, deck pneumatic machinery and other equipment Provide air source. Its main equipment includes air compressor, air storage cylinder, piping and safety, control components, etc.

Marine pumps and piping systems

In order to pump sea water, fresh water, fuel oil, lubricating oil and other liquids on board, a certain number and different types of pumps are required. Generally, bilge pumps, fuel and lubricating oil transfer pumps, boiler feed water pumps, cooling water pumps, and pressure Main oil pumps and water pumps such as water-carrying pumps and sanitary water pumps. Connected to the pumps, there are pipelines for various purposes on the ship, which can be divided into:

(1) Power system

The piping system for the safe and continuous operation of the main and auxiliary engines. There are piping systems for fuel, lubricating oil, seawater and fresh water, steam, and compressed air.

(2) Ship system

The piping system for ship navigation, ship safety and personnel life services. Such as ballast, bilge water, fire fighting, sanitation, ventilation (air conditioning), and domestic water piping systems.

Water making device

Water generator, also known as water generator, is a device that heats seawater in a vacuum state to generate steam, and then condenses the steam into fresh water.

automated system

With the advancement of science and technology and the wide application on ships, the engine room control system is becoming more and more advanced. The remote control and centralized control of the ship's power unit have greatly improved the working conditions of the crew, increased work efficiency, and reduced maintenance and repair. Workload. The automation system composed of remote control, automatic adjustment, monitoring, alarm and other equipment for the main and auxiliary engines and other mechanical equipment of the engine room is an indispensable part of modern ships.

Ship handling equipment Ship handling equipment includes anchor equipment, rudder equipment and mooring equipment. It plays an important role in navigation, port manipulation or mooring, and is an indispensable part of ensuring ships.