The main equipment of the ship
1. Main power unit "The main power unit of a ship is also called "main engine". It is the heart of the ship and the most important part of the ship's power equipment. It mainly includes:
(1) Ship main engine
A common name for engines that can generate propulsion power for ships, including various pumps, heat exchangers, and piping systems that serve the main engine. The main engine of merchant ships is mainly marine diesel engines, followed by steam turbines.
(2) Transmission device
The equipment that transmits the power of the main engine to the propeller can not only transmit power, but also have the function of deceleration and shock absorption. The boat can also use the transmission equipment to change the direction of rotation of the propeller. The transmission equipment is slightly different due to the different types of the main engine. Generally speaking, it is composed of a reducer, a clutch, a coupling, a coupling, a thrust bearing and a ship shaft.
(3) Shafting and thrusters
Among ship propellers, propellers are the most widely used, and most of them use fixed pitch or adjustable pitch propellers; the ship shafting is a device that transmits the power from the main engine to the propeller. The main engine of the ship drives the propeller to rotate through the transmission device and the shaft system to generate thrust, which overcomes the resistance of the hull to make the ship move forward or backward.
2. Auxiliary power unit
Ship auxiliary power unit, also known as "auxiliary engine", refers to the generator on board, which provides electrical energy for the ship in normal and emergency situations. The marine power station is composed of electromechanical equipment such as engine block and switchboard.
(1) Generator set
The driving force is mainly provided by diesel engines. Based on the safety and reliability of the ship and easy maintenance and management, large ships are equipped with no less than two diesel generators of the same type, which can generate electricity at the same time as required.
In order to save energy, some ships can use the drive shaft of the main engine to drive the generator to generate electricity (shaft generator) or use the waste heat of the main exhaust gas to generate low-pressure steam to drive the turbine generator set to generate electricity.
(2) Switchboard
It performs electricity distribution, control, transmission, voltage transformation, and current conversion to ensure the needs of various electric driving equipment and the life, lighting, signal and communication of the whole ship.
3. Steam boiler
All ships with diesel engines as the main engine need to be equipped with steam boilers, which are composed of auxiliary oil-fired boilers and exhaust gas boilers, as well as piping systems and equipment supporting them. Auxiliary oil-fired boilers are needed to supply some auxiliary steam on board, such as heating fuel and lubricating oil, heating, domestic water, kitchen, boiling water, etc., and meet the needs of steam for some auxiliary engines. In order to save energy, the exhaust gas boiler uses the waste heat from the diesel engine exhaust to generate steam, and only uses the auxiliary oil-fired boiler when berthing.
4. Refrigeration and air conditioning equipment
Ships are equipped with refrigeration devices to refrigerate transport goods, refrigerate a certain amount of food, and improve the living and working conditions of crews and passengers. The task of the air conditioning device is to maintain the climatic conditions suitable for people's work and life in the cabin, which includes cooling, dehumidification in summer, heating and humidification in winter, and ventilation throughout the year. Its main equipment includes refrigeration compressors, evaporators, condensers, air conditioners and their automation control components.
5. Compressed air device
Generally, the ship is equipped with multiple air compressors and multiple compressed air bottles to supply the compressed air required by the entire ship, such as using compressed air to start the main and auxiliary diesel engines; the main engine reverses; it is the air whistle, deck pneumatic machinery and other equipment Provide gas source. Its main equipment includes air compressors, gas cylinders, piping systems and safety and control components.
6. Marine pumps and piping systems
In order to pump sea water, fresh water, fuel oil, lubricating oil and other liquids on board, a certain number and different types of pumps are required. Generally, the main oil and water pumps such as bilge pumps, fuel and lubricating oil transfer pumps, boiler feed water pumps, cooling water pumps, ballast water pumps, and sanitary water pumps must be installed in the engine room. Connected to the pump, there are pipelines for various purposes on the ship, which can be divided into:
(1) Power system
A management system for the safe and continuous operation of main and auxiliary machines. There are piping systems for fuel oil, lubricating oil, seawater and fresh water, steam, compressed air, etc.
(2) Ship system
The management system for ship navigation, ship safety and personnel life services. Such as ballast, bilge water, fire fighting, sanitation, ventilation (air conditioning) and domestic water piping systems.
7. Water making device
Water generator, also known as water generator, is a device that heats seawater in a vacuum to generate steam, and then condenses the steam into fresh water.
8. Automation system
With the advancement of science and technology and the wide application on ships, the engine room control system is becoming more and more advanced. The remote control and centralized control of the ship's power plant greatly improves the working conditions of the crew, improves work efficiency, and reduces maintenance and repairs. Workload. The automation system composed of remote control, automatic adjustment, monitoring, alarm and other equipment for the main and auxiliary engines and other mechanical equipment of the engine room is an indispensable part of modern ships.
Ship handling equipment
Ship handling equipment, including anchor equipment, rudder equipment and mooring equipment, play an important role during navigation, in port manipulation or mooring, and is an indispensable part of ensuring ships.
1. Anchor equipment
When a ship wants to moor in a certain water area, it must be anchored. The anchor grabs the bottom sediment and the weight of the anchor and chain to overcome the external forces that cause the ship to drift due to wind and current. Anchor equipment can also assist the ship’s maneuvering, such as Auxiliary operations such as turning around in narrow waterways, berthing and leaving piers, mooring off buoys, etc.; after a ship is stranded, anchors can be used to stabilize the ship's position, or use anchors to pull the ship out of the shallow.
Anchor equipment is mainly composed of anchor, chain, chain cylinder, chain [1] device, windlass, chain pipe, chain cabin and chain discarding device.